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[Speaking] (PS-011) À§´ëÇÑ ÀÛ°¡µéÀÌ ÀüÇÏ´Â »îÀÇ ÁöÇý - Joshua Prager
ÃÖ°í°ü¸®ÀÚ  |  16-09-04 15:18

´ëÁß ¿¬¼³Àº ¾Æ¸¶µµ ´Ü¼øÇÑ ¾ð¾îÀÇ ±â¼úÀû ±¸»ç°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ, ûÁßÀ» »ç·ÎÀâ´Â ³ë·Â°ú Áغñ·Î
¸¸µé¾îÁø ¾ðº¯(åëܪ)ÀÇ °á°ú¹°À̶ó ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¸í¿¬¼³Àº ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÀλýÀ» ¿ÏÀüÈ÷
¹Ù²Ù±âµµ ÇÏÁö¿ä. ¿µ¾î °øºÎ¿¡ À־ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ "µè°í/ÀÌÇØ"ÇÏ´Â ´É·ÂÀ» ²ÙÁØÈ÷ ¹è¾çÇÏ¿©
Æ°Æ°ÇÑ ¿µ¾î ½Ç·ÂÀ» ±â¸£±æ ¹Ù¶ø´Ï´Ù.

[TED Ŭ¸¯]



[Transcript]

0:11
´ÙÀ½ ´ÞÀ̸é 44»ìÀÌ µÇ´Â Àú´Â À̹ø ÇÑ ÇØ°¡ ¼ºÃ븦 ÀÌ·ç°í ±ú´ÞÀ½À» ¾ò´Â ¶æ±íÀº ÇÑ ÇØ°¡ µÇ¸®¶ó ¿¹»óÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Á¦°¡ ±×·¸°Ô »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â ±î´ßÀº Á¦°Ô °èȹÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ À־ ±×·± °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï°í ³ë¸Õ ¸ÞÀÏ·¯°¡ 1968³âÀÛÀÎ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Àú¼­¿¡¼­ ±×·¸°Ô ½è±â ¶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
I'm turning 44 next month, and I have the sense that 44 is going to be a very good year, a year of fulfillment, realization. I have that sense, not because of anything particular in store for me, but because I read it would be a good year in a 1968 book by Norman Mailer.

0:33
"±×´Â 44¼¼ÀÇ ³ªÀ̸¦ ü°¨Çß´Ù..." ¸ÞÀÏ·¯´Â "¹ãÀÇ ±º´ë"¿¡¼­ ÀÌ·¸°Ô ½è½À´Ï´Ù. "...±×´Â ¸¶Ä¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ »À, ±ÙÀ°, ½ÉÀå, Á¤½Å, ±×¸®°í °¨Á¤À¸·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø Àΰ£ÀÇ ÀüÇüÀÌ µÈ °Íó·³ ´À²¸Á³´Ù. ¸¶Ä¡ ±×°¡ µµÂøÇÑ °Íó·³."
"He felt his own age, forty-four ..." wrote Mailer in "The Armies of the Night," "... felt as if he were a solid embodiment of bone, muscle, heart, mind, and sentiment to be a man, as if he had arrived."

0:48
ºÐ¸í ¸ÞÀÏ·¯°¡ Àú¸¦ µÎ°í ±×·¸°Ô ¾´ °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ò °Ì´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±×°¡ ³ªÀ̸¦ ºÒ¹®ÇÏ°í ¿©·¯ºÐ°ú Àú, ÀÌ Ã¥ÀÇ ÁÖÀΰøÀ» ºñ·ÔÇÑ ¿ì¸® ¸ðµÎ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾´ °ÍÀÓÀ» ¾Ð´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸® ¸ðµÎ´Â Ãâ»ýÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ À§´ëÇÑ °úÁ¤À» °æÇèÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ³î¶ó¿î ÀÏÀÌ ¸¹°í Á¦Çѵµ ¸¹ÀÌ ¹Þ´Â À¯³â±â¿¡¼­ Çع氨°ú ÁÂÀý°¨À» ÇÔ²² üÇèÇϴ û¼Ò³â±â ±ÇÇÑÀÌ ¸¹¾ÆÁö´Â ÀλýÀÇ Áß¿äÇÑ ½ÃÁ¡ÀÎ ¼º³â±â ÀÎÁ¤À» ¹Þ°í ÅðÁ÷ÇÏ´Â ³ë³â±â±îÁö¿ä. »î¿¡´Â ¿ì¸® ¸ðµÎ°¡ °øÀ¯ÇÏ´Â ÆÐÅÏÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Å丶½º ¸¸ÀÌ ¾´ °Íó·³, "±×µé¿¡°Ô ÀϾµí ³»°Ôµµ ÀϾ ÀÏ"ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
Yes, I know Mailer wasn't writing about me. But I also know that he was; for all of us -- you, me, the subject of his book, age more or less in step, proceed from birth along the same great sequence: through the wonders and confinements of childhood; the emancipations and frustrations of adolescence; the empowerments and millstones of adulthood; the recognitions and resignations of old age. There are patterns to life, and they are shared. As Thomas Mann wrote: "It will happen to me as to them."

1:28
¿ì¸®´Â ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ÀÌ ÆÐÅÏ´ë·Î »ç´Â µ¥ ±×Ä¡Áö ¾Ê°í
±×°ÍµéÀ» ±â·ÏÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ°É Ã¥À¸·Î ½á¼­ ¿ì¸®µéÀÌ Àаí ÀÎÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â À̾߱Ⱑ µË´Ï´Ù. Ã¥Àº ¿ì¸®°¡ °ú°Å¿¡ ¾î¶®´ÂÁö ÇöÀç¿¡´Â ¾î¶²Áö, ¹Ì·¡¿¡´Â ¾î¶³Áö¸¦ ¸»ÇØÁÝ´Ï´Ù. ¼ö õ³âµ¿¾È ¸»ÇØÁÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. Á¦ÀÓ½º ¼ÖÅÍ´Â ÀÌ·± ¸»À» ½è½À´Ï´Ù. "¸¸¾à ÀλýÀÌ ¾î¶² °ÍÀÇ ÀϺΰ¡ µÈ´Ù¸é Ã¥ÀåÀÇ ÀϺΰ¡ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù."
Yes, I know Mailer wasn't writing about me. But I also know that he was; for all of us -- you, me, the subject of his book, age more or less in step, proceed from birth along the same great sequence: through the wonders and confinements of childhood; the emancipations and frustrations of adolescence; the empowerments and millstones of adulthood; the recognitions and resignations of old age. There are patterns to life, and they are shared. As Thomas Mann wrote: "It will happen to me as to them." We don't simply live these patterns. We record them, too. We write them down in books, where they become narratives that we can then read and recognize. Books tell us who we've been, who we are, who we will be, too. So they have for millennia. As James Salter wrote, "Life passes into pages if it passes into anything."

1:53
6³â Àü¿¡ ÀÌ·± »ý°¢ÀÌ ¸Ó¸®¿¡ ½ºÃƽÀ´Ï´Ù. ¸¸¾à ÀλýÀÌ Ã¥ ¼Ó¿¡ ´ã°å´Ù¸é ºÐ¸í ¾îµò°¡¿¡´Â ¸ðµç ³ªÀÌ¿¡ °üÇØ ÀûÀº ±¸ÀýÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÒ °ÍÀ̶ó°í¿ä. ±×°ÍµéÀ» ã¾Æ Á¤¸®Çؼ­ À̾߱â·Î ¹­À» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é ÇϳªÀÇ ÀλýÀ¸·Î ¹­À» ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. 100»ìÀÇ ±ä ÀλýÀ»¿ä. ¿ì¸® Áß¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ¿îÀÌ ÁÁÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ °ÅÄ¡´Â ±× À§´ëÇÑ ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ °úÁ¤ÀÇ Àüü¸¦ µ¿ÀÏÇÏ°Ô ´ã°í ÀÖ´Â ÀλýÀ»¿ä. ±× ´ç½Ã Àú´Â 37¼¼·Î Àª¸®¾ö Æ®·¹¹ö¿¡ µû¸£¸é "½ÅÁßÇÑ ³ªÀÌ"¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ¼¼¿ù°ú ³ªÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¸¹ÀÌ ¼÷°íÇÏ´Â ³ªÀÌ¿´ÁÒ. °¡Á· º´·Â°ú ³ªÁß¿¡´Â Àú ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ºÎ»óÀÌ ³ªÀ̸¦ ¸Ô¾î°¡´Â °Ô ÇÑÄ¡ ¾ÕÀ» ³»´Ùº¼ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ÀÏÀÓÀ» ¾Ë·ÁÁÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. °Ô´Ù°¡ ´Ä´Â °ÍÀº ´ÜÁö ´Ù°¡¿Ã ÀÏÀ» ´ÊÃ߱⸸ ÇÒ »Ó ¼¼¿ùÀº »óȲÀÌ º¸Áö ¸øÇÑ °ÍÀ» ²ç¶Õ¾î º¾´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍÀÌ ¾à°£ ¾ÈŸ±õ±ä ÇÏÁö¸¸.
And so six years ago, a thought leapt to mind: if life passed into pages, there were, somewhere, passages written about every age. If I could find them, I could assemble them into a narrative. I could assemble them into a life, a long life, a hundred-year life, the entirety of that same great sequence through which the luckiest among us pass. I was then 37 years old, "an age of discretion," wrote William Trevor. I was prone to meditating on time and age. An illness in the family and later an injury to me had long made clear that growing old could not be assumed. And besides, growing old only postponed the inevitable, time seeing through what circumstance did not. It was all a bit disheartening.

2:45
±×·³¿¡µµ Á¦°¡ ±â·ÏÇÑ ¸ñ·ÏÀº »ì¾Æ³²°ÚÁö¿ä. ÀλýÀ» ÀÏ ³â ´ÜÀ§·Î ÂÉ°³¾î Á¤¸®ÇÏ´Â ÀÛ¾÷Àº Âû³ªÀÇ ¼ø°£µéÀ» Æ÷ÂøÇÏ¿© Áö»ó¿¡ ¸Å¾î µÎ´Â °ÍÀÌ¸ç ¶ÇÇÑ µµ´ÞÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ»ÁöÁ¶Â÷ ºÒÈ®½ÇÇÑ ¹Ì·¡¸¦ »ì¦À̳ª¸¶ µé¿©´Ùº¼ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¸ñ·ÏÀ» ÆíÂùÇϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇÏ°í³ª¼­ Àú´Â °ð ÆäÀÌÁö¸¦ ³Ñ°Ü°¡¸ç ³ªÀ̸¦ ã´Â ÀÏ¿¡ Ç« ºüÁ®µé°Ô µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¿©±â 100³âÀÇ ¸ñ·ÏÀº ÇÑ ÇØ ÇÑ ÇØÀÇ ´Ü°è¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÝ´Ï´Ù. "½º¹° ÀÏ°ö... °©ÀÛ½º·¯¿î °è½ÃÀÇ ½Ã±â" "¿¹¼ø µÑ ... ¹Ì¹¦ÇÏ°Ô ÀÛ¾ÆÁö´Â ³ªÀÌ"
A list, though, would last. To chronicle a life year by vulnerable year would be to clasp and to ground what was fleeting, would be to provide myself and others a glimpse into the future, whether we made it there or not. And when I then began to compile my list, I was quickly obsessed, searching pages and pages for ages and ages. Here we were at every annual step through our first hundred years. "Twenty-seven ... a time of sudden revelations," "sixty-two, ... of subtle diminishments."

3:22
Àú´Â ¹°·Ð ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÌÇØ°¡ »ó´ëÀûÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» À¯³äÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¼±, ÇöÀç ¿ì¸®´Â ¼ö¸íÀÌ ´Ã¾î¼­ ´õ õõÈ÷ ´Ä°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Å©¸®½ºÅäÆÛ À̼ſìµå´Â "´©·¸°Ô ½Ãµç ÀÙ"À̶ó´Â Ç¥ÇöÀ» 53¼¼ÀÇ ³²¼ºÀ» ¹¦»çÇϴµ¥ ½èÁö¸¸ ºÒ°ú 1¼¼±â Àü¿¡ ¹ÙÀÌ·± °æÀº 36¼¼ÀÎ ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ¹¦»çÇÏ´Â µ¥ ½èÁö¿ä.
I was mindful, of course, that such insights were relative. For starters, we now live longer, and so age more slowly. Christopher Isherwood used the phrase "the yellow leaf" to describe a man at 53, only one century after Lord Byron used it to describe himself at 36.

3:41 (¿ôÀ½) (Laughter)

3:44
¶ÇÇÑ Àú´Â ÀÏ ³âÀÌ Áö³¯ ¶§¸¶´Ù ÀλýÀÌ °ÈÀâÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î Èê·¯°¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °É À¯³äÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. °°Àº ³ªÀÌ¶óµµ »ç¶÷¸¶´Ù °æÇèÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ´Ù¸¦ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °Íµµ¿ä. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±×·³¿¡µµ ÀÌ ¸ñ·ÏÀ» ´õÇØ°¨¿¡ µû¶ó Á¦°¡ »ì¾Æ¿Ô´ø »îÀÌ °Å¿ï¿¡ ºñÄ£ »óó·³ ¼±¸íÇÏ°Ô Ã¥ÀÇ ÆäÀÌÁö¸¶´Ù ±× ¸ð½ÀÀ» µå·¯³Â½À´Ï´Ù. "°¥¼ö·Ï ÀÚ±â Àڽſ¡ ´ëÇÑ È®½ÅÀÌ ÁÙ¾îµç´Ù"´Â °É ¾Ë°ÔµÇ´Â ½º¹° "ºÒ¸ðÁö¿¡¼­ÀÇ Áغñ¸¦ ³¡¸¶Ä¡°í ½Ç»çȸ·Î ÁøÀÔÇÏ´Â" ¼­¸¥ "´Ù½Ã´Â µ¹¾Æ¿ÀÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¹æÀÇ ¹®À» Á¶½É½º·´°Ô ´Ý´Â" ¹ýÀ» ¹è¿ì´Â ¸¶ÈçÀÇ ³ªÀ̱îÁö. Àúµµ °°Àº °ÍÀ» °æÇèÇß°í
I was mindful, too, that life can swing wildly and unpredictably from one year to the next, and that people may experience the same age differently. But even so, as the list coalesced, so, too, on the page, clear as the reflection in the mirror, did the life that I had been living: finding at 20 that "... one is less and less sure of who one is;" emerging at 30 from the "... wasteland of preparation into active life;" learning at 40 "... to close softly the doors to rooms [I would] not be coming back to." There I was.

4:22
¹°·Ð ¿ì¸® ¸ðµÎ°¡ ±×·² °Ì´Ï´Ù. ¿©±â ÀÌ ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î ½Ã°¢ µðÀÚÀÎÀ» ¸Ã¾ÆÁֽŠÀ§´ëÇÑ ±×·¡ÇÈ µðÀÚÀÌ³Ê ¹ÐÅÏ ±Û·¹ÀÌÀú¾¾²²¼­´Â ¿ÃÇØ 85¼¼·Î ³ªº¸ÄÚÇÁ¿¡ µû¸£¸é "¼º¼÷°ú ÀýÁ¤"ÀÇ ³ªÀÌ¿¡ ´Ù´Ù¸£¼Ì´Âµ¥¿ä. ¹ÐÅÏ ¾¾°¡ ¸»ÇÏ±æ ¹®ÇÐÀº ¸¶Ä¡ ¿¹¼úÀ̳ª »öäó·³ °ú°ÅÀÇ °æÇèÀ» ¶°¿Ã¸®µµ·Ï µµ¿ÍÁشٰí Çß½À´Ï´Ù.
Of course, there we all are. Milton Glaser, the great graphic designer whose beautiful visualizations you see here, and who today is 85 -- all those years "... a ripening and an apotheosis," wrote Nabokov -- noted to me that, like art and like color, literature helps us to remember what we've experienced.

4:46
½ÇÁ¦·Î, Á¦°¡ ÀÌ ¸ñ·ÏÀ» ÇҾƹöÁö²² º¸¿©µå·È´õ´Ï ÇҾƹöÁö²²¼­´Â ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ½Ã¸ç °í°³¸¦ ²ô´öÀ̼̽À´Ï´Ù. ±× ¶§ ´ç½Å²²¼­´Â ·Îº£¸£Åä º¼¶ó´¢ÀÇ ¸»Ã³·³ °ð Á״´٠ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ "Àý´ë ¾È Á×´Â °Í°ú ¸¶Âù°¡ÁöÀÎ" µ¹¾Æ°¡½Ç ³¯ÀÌ ¸ÓÁö¾ÊÀº 95¼¼ÀÇ ³ªÀ̼̽À´Ï´Ù. ÇҾƹöÁö²²¼­´Â ¿¾ÀÏÀ» ȸ»óÇϽøç Á¦°Ô ¸»¾¸Çϼ̽À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¡, ¸Â¾Æ. 22»ì¿¡´Â ÇÁ·ç½ºÆ®ÀÇ ¸»´ë·Î ¿ì¸®´Â Àý´ë Á×Áö ¾ÊÀ» °Å¶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÏÁö¸¸ 90»ìÀÌ µÇ¸é »ç¸ÁÇÐÀÚÀÎ ¿¡µåÀ© ½´³ªÀ̵常ÀÇ ¸»Ã³·³ Á×À½Àº ³Ê¹«³ªµµ ´ç¿¬ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ µÇÁö. ±×µéÀÌ °ÞÀº ÀϵéÀ» ÇҾƹöÁöµµ °ÞÀ¸½Å °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
And indeed, when I shared the list with my grandfather, he nodded in recognition. He was then 95 and soon to die, which, wrote Roberto Bolaño, "... is the same as never dying." And looking back, he said to me that, yes, Proust was right that at 22, we are sure we will not die, just as a thanatologist named Edwin Shneidman was right that at 90, we are sure we will. It had happened to him, as to them.

5:26
ÀÚ ÀÌÁ¦ 100³âÀÇ ¸ñ·ÏÀÌ ¸ðµÎ ³¡³µ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×°ÍÀ» µÇµ¹¾Æº¸¸é Á¦ »îÀº ¾ÆÁ÷ ³¡³ªÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ½À» ´À³§´Ï´Ù. Àú¿¡°Õ »ì¾Æ¾ß ÇÒ ³¯µé°ú ¿Å°Ü¾ß ÇÒ ÆäÀÌÁö°¡ ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ¸¹ÀÌ ³²¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. ¸ÞÀÏ·¯°¡ ÇÑ ¸»À» »ý°¢ÇÏ´Ï ¸¶Èç ³×»ìÀÌ ±â´Ù·ÁÁý´Ï´Ù.
Now the list is done: a hundred years. And looking back over it, I know that I am not done. I still have my life to live, still have many more pages to pass into. And mindful of Mailer, I await 44.

5:47 °¨»çÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Thank you.  5:48 (¹Ú¼ö) (Applause)