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[Speaking] (PS-022) ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß ÇÒ °æÂûÀÇ Àϻ󰨽ÿ¡ ´ëÇÑ ±¸Ã¼Àû »ç·Ê - Catherine Crump
ÃÖ°í°ü¸®ÀÚ  |  16-11-29 08:50

´ëÁß ¿¬¼³Àº ¾Æ¸¶µµ ´Ü¼øÇÑ ¾ð¾îÀÇ ±â¼úÀû ±¸»ç°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ, ûÁßÀ» »ç·ÎÀâ´Â ³ë·Â°ú Áغñ·Î
¸¸µé¾îÁø ¾ðº¯(åëܪ)ÀÇ °á°ú¹°À̶ó ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¸í¿¬¼³Àº ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÀλýÀ» ¿ÏÀüÈ÷
¹Ù²Ù±âµµ ÇÏÁö¿ä. ¿µ¾î °øºÎ¿¡ À־ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ "µè°í/ÀÌÇØ"ÇÏ´Â ´É·ÂÀ» ²ÙÁØÈ÷ ¹è¾çÇÏ¿©
Æ°Æ°ÇÑ ¿µ¾î ½Ç·ÂÀ» ±â¸£±æ ¹Ù¶ø´Ï´Ù.

[TED Ŭ¸¯]



[Transcript]

0:12
°æÂûÀÇ ¸¶ÀÌŬ ºê¶ó¿î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÃÑ°Ý¿¡ µÚÀÌ¾î ¹ÌÁÖ¸® ÁÖÀÇ Æ۰Ž¼ ½Ã¿¡¼­ ¹ß»ýÇÑ ½ÃÀ§ÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °æÂûÀÇ Ãæ°ÝÀûÀÎ °­·Âź¾ÐÀº ÀüÀïÀ» À§ÇØ ¸¸µé¾îÁø ÃֽŠ±º¹«±âµé°ú ÀåºñµéÀÌ ¹Ì±¹ Àü¿ª¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÀÛÀº µµ½ÃÀÇ °æÂû¼­¿¡±îÁö ¾ó¸¶³ª ÁøÃâÇÏ¿´´ÂÁö ±× Á¤µµ¸¦ ºÐ¸íÈ÷ º¸¿©ÁÝ´Ï´Ù. ºñ·Ï ´«¿¡ Àß º¸ÀÌÁö´Â ¾ÊÁö¸¸ ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº ÀÏÀº °¨½ÃÀåºñ¸¦ ÅëÇؼ­µµ ÀϾ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
The shocking police crackdown on protestors in Ferguson, Missouri, in the wake of the police shooting of Michael Brown, underscored the extent to which advanced military weapons and equipment, designed for the battlefield, are making their way to small-town police departments across the United States. Although much tougher to observe, this same thing is happening with surveillance equipment.

0:37
[¹Ì]±¹°¡¾Èº¸±¹ ½ºÅ¸ÀÏÀÇ ´ëÁß °¨½Ã´Â ÀÌÀü¿¡´Â ºÒ°¡´ÉÇß´ø ¹æ½ÄÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© Áö¹æ °æÂû±¹ÀÌ ¿ì¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹æ´ëÇÑ ¾çÀÇ ¹Î°¨ÇÑ Á¤º¸µéÀ» ¼öÁýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇØÁÝ´Ï´Ù.
NSA-style mass surveillance is enabling local police departments to gather vast quantities of sensitive information about each and every one of us in a way that was never previously possible.

0:50
À§Ä¡Á¤º¸´Â ¸Å¿ì ¹Î°¨ÇÑ »ç¾ÈÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¹Ì±¹ Àü¿ª¿¡¼­ ¿îÀüÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù°í °¡Á¤Çغ¾½Ã´Ù. À§Ä¡ Á¤º¸´Â ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¾ËÄÝÁßµ¶ÀÚ ¸ðÀÓ¿¡ Âü¼®ÇÏ¿© Ä¡·á»ç¸¦ ¸¸³ª´ÂÁö ±³È¸¸¦ ´Ù´Ï´ÂÁö, ¾Æ´Ï¸é ±³È¸¸¦ ´Ù´ÏÁö ¾Ê´ÂÁö ¾Ë·ÁÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Á¤º¸°¡ ¿ì¸® °¢ÀÚÀÇ Á¤º¸¿Í °áÇÕÀÌ µÉ ¶§, Á¤ºÎ´Â »ó´çÈ÷ ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÎ ±×¸²À» ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. »çÀûÀÎ ½Ã¹ÎµéÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´ÂÁö¿¡ °üÇؼ­¿ä.
Location information can be very sensitive. If you drive your car around the United States, it can reveal if you go to a therapist, attend an Alcoholics Anonymous meeting, if you go to church or if you don't go to church. And when that information about you is combined with the same information about everyone else, the government can gain a detailed portrait of how private citizens interact.

1:14
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¤º¸´Â »çÀûÀÎ ¿µ¿ª¿¡ ¼ÓÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÃֽŠ±â¼ú´öºÐ¿¡ Á¤ºÎ´Â »çÀûÀÎ ¿µ¿ª¿¡ ´ëÇØ ³Ê¹«³ªµµ ¸¹ÀÌ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í Áö¹æ °æÂû±¹¿¡¼­´Â ÀÌ·± Á¤º¸¿¡ ±âÃÊÇÏ¿© ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¾î¶² »ç¶÷ÀÎÁö ÆÇ´ÜÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
This information used to be private. Thanks to modern technology, the government knows far too much about what happens behind closed doors. And local police departments make decisions about who they think you are based on this information.

1:30
´ëÁß À§Ä¡ ÃßÀû ±â¼úÀÇ ÇÙ½É ±â¼ú Áß Çϳª´Â
¹«ÇØÇÑ °Íó·³ µé¸®´Â, ÀÚµ¿ Â÷¶û ¹øÈ£ÆÇ ÀνıâÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¸¸¾à ´ç½ÅÀÌ ÀÌ°ÍÀ» º» ÀûÀÌ ¾ø´Ù¸é ±× ÀÌÀ¯´Â ¾Æ¸¶ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô »ý°å´ÂÁö ¸ô¶ú±â ¶§¹®ÀÏ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº »ç¹æ¿¡ ³Î·ÁÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±æÀ̳ª °æÂûÂ÷¿¡ ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾îÀÖÀ¸¸é¼­ ÀÚµ¿ Â÷·® ¹øÈ£ÆÇ Àνıâ´Â Áö³ª°¡´Â ¸ðµç Â÷ÀÇ ¸ð½ÀÀ» ĸóÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±× ¹øÈ£ÆÇ À̹ÌÁö¸¦ ±â°è°¡ Æǵ¶ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹®ÀÚ·Î º¯È¯ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ±×°ÍµéÀ» ¹ü¹ýÇàÀ§¸¦ ÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ÃßÁ¤µÇ´Â Áö¸í¼ö¹èµÈ Â÷ ¸ñ·Ï°ú ´ëÁ¶ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ¸¸µì´Ï´Ù.
One of the key technologies driving mass location tracking is the innocuous-sounding Automatic License Plate Reader. If you haven't seen one, it's probably because you didn't know what to look for -- they're everywhere. Mounted on roads or on police cars, Automatic License Plate Readers capture images of every passing car and convert the license plate into machine-readable text so that they can be checked against hot lists of cars potentially wanted for wrongdoing.

2:01
±×·¯³ª ±×°Íº¸´Ù Á¡Á¡ ´õ Áö¹æ °æÂû±¹Àº ¹ü¹ýÇàÀ§·Î Áö¸í¼ö¹èµÈ ÀÚµéÀÇ ±â·Ï¸¸À» ¼öÁýÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±×µéÀ» Áö³ªÄ¡´Â ¸ðµç ¹øÈ£Æǵµ ¼öÁýÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¹Ì±¹ÀεéÀÌ ¾î´À °÷À¸·Î À̵¿ÇÏ´Â Áö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹æ´ëÇÑ ¾çÀÇ ÀÚ·á ¼öÁýÀ¸·Î ±Í°áµË´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·± ÀÏÀÌ ¹ú¾îÁö°í ÀÖ¾ú´ÂÁö ¾Ë°í °è¼Ì½À´Ï±î?
But more than that, increasingly, local police departments are keeping records not just of people wanted for wrongdoing, but of every plate that passes them by, resulting in the collection of mass quantities of data about where Americans have gone. Did you know this was happening?

2:20
¸¶ÀÌÅ© ijÃ÷-¶óÄ«º£°¡ Áö¹æ °æÂû ´ç±¹¿¡ ±×ÀÇ Â÷·®¹øÈ£ ÀνĿ¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ ¿ä±¸ÇßÀ» ¶§ ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ±×°¡ ¹ÞÀº °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ³¯Â¥, ½Ã°£, Àå¼Ò »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó °æÂû±¹Àº ±×°¡ ¾îµð·Î À̵¿Çß´ÂÁö ±×°¡ Á¾Á¾ ´©±¸¿Í ÇÔ²² ÀÖ¾ú´ÂÁöµµ ÂïÀº »çÁøÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. À§¿¡¼­ µÎ ¹ø° »çÁøÀº Áý ¾Õ Â÷µµ¿¡¼­ ¸¶ÀÌÅ©¿Í ±×ÀÇ µÎ µþÀÌ Â÷¿¡¼­ ³»¸®´Â »çÁøÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Á¤ºÎ´Â ¸¶ÀÌÅ©ÀÇ ÀÏ»ó»ýÈ°À» ÂïÀº ÀÌ·± Á¾·ùÀÇ »çÁøÀ» ¼ö ¹éÀå °¡Áö°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­ Â÷¸¦ ¸ô°í´Ù´Ï°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é Àú´Â Á¤ºÎ°¡ ´ç½ÅÀÇ ÀÏ»ó»ýÈ°À» ÂïÀº ÀÌ·± Á¾·ùÀÇ »çÁøÀ» ºÐ¸íÈ÷ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù°í Àå´ãÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
When Mike Katz-Lacabe asked his local police department for information about the plate reader data they had on him, this is what they got: in addition to the date, time and location, the police department had photographs that captured where he was going and often who he was with. The second photo from the top is a picture of Mike and his two daughters getting out of their car in their own driveway. The government has hundreds of photos like this about Mike going about his daily life. And if you drive a car in the United States, I would bet money that they have photographs like this of you going about your daily life.

2:59
¸¶ÀÌÅ©´Â Áö±Ý±îÁö ¾î¶² À߸øµµ ÀúÁö¸¥ ÀûÀÌ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ¿Ö Á¤ºÎ°¡ ÀÌ·± ¸ðµç Á¤º¸¸¦ º¸°üÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ±¦ÂúÀº °ÍÀϱî¿ä? ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº ÀÏÀÌ ÀϾ°í ÀÖ´Â ±î´ßÀº, ÀÌ·± ÀڷḦ ÀúÀåÇÏ´Â ºñ¿ëÀÌ ±Þ°ÝÈ÷ ¶³¾îÁ³±â ¶§¹®¿¡ °æÂû±¹Àº ÀÌ·± Á¤º¸µéÀÌ Èʳ¯ À¯¿ëÇÏ°Ô ¾²ÀÏ °ÍÀ» ´ëºñÇØ ´Ü¼øÈ÷ °è¼Ó º¸°üÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀÇ ÀïÁ¡Àº ÀÏ°³ÀÇ °æÂû±¹¿¡¼­ µ¶ÀÚÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌ·± ÀڷḦ ¼öÁýÇÏ°í ÀÖ´ÙµçÁö ¾Æ´Ï¸é ½ÉÁö¾î ´Ù¼öÀÇ °æÂû±¹¿¡¼­ ÀÌ·± ÀÏÀ» ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´ÙµçÁö°¡ ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. ¿¬¹æÁ¤ºÎ¿¡¼­´Â µ¿½Ã¿¡ ÀÌ·± ¸¹Àº °³ÀÎÁ¤º¸¸¦ ¼öÁýÇÏ°í ±×°ÍµéÀ» ¼ö¾ï°³ÀÇ È÷Æ®¼ö¸¦ °¡Áø ¹æ´ëÇÑ µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¿¡ ¸ð¾Æ³õ°í ¹Ì±¹ÀεéÀÌ ¾îµð·Î ¿©ÇàÀ» ¶°³ª´ÂÁö º¸¿©ÁÖ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ Á¤º¸¿¡ ÁÖµÈ °ü½ÉÀ» º¸ÀÌ´Â ±â°üÀÎ ¹Ì±¹ ¿¬¹æ ¸¶¾à´Ü¼Ó±¹ ÃâóÀÇ ÀÌ ¹®¼­´Â ÀÌ·± µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ½À» º¸¿©ÁÝ´Ï´Ù. ÇÑÆí, ´º¿å½Ã¿¡¼­´Â ´º¿å°æÂûÀÌ ´©°¡ ¸ð½ºÅ© »ç¿ø¿¡ Âü¼®ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¾Ë¾Æ³»±â À§ÇØ Â÷·® ¹øÈ£ÆÇ ÀνıⰡ ÀåÂøµÈ °æÂûÂ÷·Î ¸ð½ºÅ© »ç¿ø ÁÖÀ§¸¦ µ¹¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù.
Mike hasn't done anything wrong. Why is it okay that the government is keeping all of this information? The reason it's happening is because, as the cost of storing this data has plummeted, the police departments simply hang on to it, just in case it could be useful someday. The issue is not just that one police department is gathering this information in isolation or even that multiple police departments are doing it. At the same time, the federal government is collecting all of these individual pots of data, and pooling them together into one vast database with hundreds of millions of hits, showing where Americans have traveled. This document from the Federal Drug Enforcement Administration, which is one of the agencies primarily interested in this, is one of several that reveal the existence of this database. Meanwhile, in New York City, the NYPD has driven police cars equipped with license plate readers past mosques in order to figure out who is attending.

3:59
ÀÌ·± ±â¼úÀÇ »ç¿ë°ú ³²¿ëÀº ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­¸¸ ±¹ÇѵÇÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ¿µ±¹°æÂû±¹¿¡¼­´Â 80¼¼ÀÇ Á¸ ĹÀ» ±×°¡ ÇÕ¹ýÀûÀÎ ½ÃÀ§¿¡ ¼ö½Ê ¹ø Âü°¡ÇÑ µÚ·Î ¹øÈ£ÆÇ °¨½Ã ¸ñ·Ï¿¡ ¿Ã·Á³ù½À´Ï´Ù. ±×´Â ±×°÷¿¡ ÀÖ´Â º¥Ä¡¿¡¼­ Âü°¡ÀÚµéÀ» ½ºÄÉÄ¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÁÁ¾ÆÇßÀ» »ÓÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
The uses and abuses of this technology aren't limited to the United States. In the U.K., the police department put 80-year-old John Kat on a plate reader watch list after he had attended dozens of lawful political demonstrations where he liked to sit on a bench and sketch the attendees.

4:19
¿À´Ã³¯ »ç¹ý´ç±¹ÀÌ ÀÌ¿ë°¡´ÉÇÑ ´ëÁß À§Ä¡ ÃßÀû ±â¼úÀº ÀÚµ¿Â÷ ¹øÈ£ÆÇ Àνı⸸ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. ±âÁö±¹ À§Ä¡ ÃßÀû ±â¼úÀ» ÅëÇØ »ç¹ý´ç±¹Àº ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ½Ã°£´ë¿¡ ´©°¡ ÇϳªÀÇ È¤Àº ¿©·¯ °³ÀÇ ±âÁö±¹À» »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾ú´ÂÁö ¾Ë¾Æ³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ±â¼úÀº ¼ö¸¸¸í ½ÉÁö¾î ¼ö½Ê¸¸¸íÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Àå¼Ò¸¦ ³ëÃâÇÑ´Ù°í ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ½ºÆ÷¹ÀÌ(³ë¶û°¡¿À¸®)·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁø ±â±â¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¸ç »ç¹ý´ç±¹Àº ÈÞ´ëÀüÈ­°¡ ±×°÷¿¡ ÀÖÀ½À» È®ÀÎÇϱâ À§ÇØ ÃßÀû ½ÅÈ£¸¦ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Áý ¾È¿¡ Àü¼ÛÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¸¸¾à ±×µéÀÌ ¾î¶² ÁýÀ» Ÿ°ÙÀ¸·Î ÇؾßÇÒÁö ¸ð¸¦ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ±×µéÀº ±× ºÎ±Ù Àüü¿¡ ÀÌ ±â¼úÀ» Àû¿ëÇعö¸°´Ù°í ¾Ë·ÁÁ®ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
License plate readers aren't the only mass location tracking technology available to law enforcement agents today. Through a technique known as a cell tower dump, law enforcement agents can uncover who was using one or more cell towers at a particular time, a technique which has been known to reveal the location of tens of thousands and even hundreds of thousands of people. Also, using a device known as a StingRay, law enforcement agents can send tracking signals inside people's houses to identify the cell phones located there. And if they don't know which house to target, they've been known to drive this technology around through whole neighborhoods.

4:58
Æ۰Ž¼ ½ÃÀÇ °æÂûµéÀÌ ÃֽŠ±º»ç¹«±â¿Í Àåºñ¸¦ ¼ÒÀ¯ÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾úµíÀÌ ¹Ì±¹ Àü¿ª¿¡ ÀÖ´Â »ç¹ý´ç±¹ ¶ÇÇÑ ÃÖ½ÅÀÇ °¨½Ã±â±â¸¦ ¼ÒÀ¯ÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀÌ º¸Áö ¸øÇß´Ù°í Çؼ­ ±×°ÍÀÌ ¾ø´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù.
Just as the police in Ferguson possess high-tech military weapons and equipment, so too do police departments across the United States possess high-tech surveillance gear. Just because you don't see it, doesn't mean it's not there.

5:12
¹®Á¦´Â, ¿ì¸®µéÀÌ ÀÌ°Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾î¶»°Ô ´ëóÇØ¾ß Çϴ°¡ ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Àú´Â ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ½Ã¹ÎµéÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ ½É°¢ÇÏ°Ô Ä§ÇØÇÑ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. °æÂûÀÌ ¹«°íÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÇàÀ§¸¦ ÃßÀûÇÏ¸ç °Å´ëÇÑ ¾çÀÇ ÀڷḦ ¼ÒÀ¯ÇÏ°Ô µÇ¸é ÀÌ·± ÀÚ·áµéÀº ³²¿ëµÇ±â ¸¶·ÃÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀº ¿ª»ç°¡ º¸¿©ÁÖ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ´©±º°¡¸¦ Çù¹ÚÇϱâ À§ÇØ, Á¤Ä¡ÀûÀÎ ÀÌÀÍÀ» À§ÇØ È¤Àº ´ÜÁö °üÀ½ÁõÀ» À§Çؼ­ ¸»ÀÌÁÒ.
The question is, what should we do about this? I think this poses a serious civil liberties threat. History has shown that once the police have massive quantities of data, tracking the movements of innocent people, it gets abused, maybe for blackmail, maybe for political advantage, or maybe for simple voyeurism.

5:31
´ÙÇàÈ÷µµ ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¿ì¸®°¡ ÃëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Á¶Ä¡°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Áö¹æ°æÂû±¹Àº ÀÇȸ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÅëÄ¡°¡ µË´Ï´Ù. ÀÇȸ´Â °æÂû¿¡°Ô ÀÌ ±â¼úÀÇ ÇÕ¹ýÀûÀÎ »ç¿ëÀº Çã°¡Çϸ鼭µµ ¹«°íÇÑ »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ·á´Â Æó±âÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â ¹ý·üÀ» Åë°ú½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. °¨»çÇÕ´Ï´Ù. (¹Ú¼ö)
Fortunately, there are steps we can take. Local police departments can be governed by the city councils, which can pass laws requiring the police to dispose of the data about innocent people while allowing the legitimate uses of the technology to go forward. Thank you. (Applause).