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[Àΰ­°úÁ¤] ¢Í Basic English Grammar - 02. Simple Past Tense(´Ü¼ø °ú°Å ½ÃÁ¦) ¢Í
ÃÖ°í°ü¸®ÀÚ  |  16-04-23 19:51




´Ü¼ø °ú°Å ½ÃÁ¦(Simple Past Tense)

* ´Ü¼ø °ú°Å ½ÃÁ¦ÀÇ "ÇüÅ & »ç¿ë" Á¤¸® *

´Ü¼ø

°ú°Å½ÃÁ¦

 

 ÇüÅÂ

 beµ¿»ç

 

S +  was, were ~ . (S´Â ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. / S´Â ~À̾ú´Ù.)

 

 

 ¢Ñ Çѹ®Àå¿¡ µ¿»ç´Â Çϳª¸¸ »ç¿ë°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. Áï, ÀϹݵ¿»ç°¡ ÀÖ´Â ¹®Àå¿¡ beµ¿»ç´Â »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸ç, beµ¿»ç°¡ ÀÖ´Â ¹®Àå¿¡ ÀϹݵ¿»ç´Â »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. 

 

 

¢Ñ Á¶µ¿»ç´Â °áÄÚ µ¿»ç°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ µ¿»ç¸¦ µµ¿ÍÁÖ´Â ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÒ »ÓÀÌ´Ù.

 

 ÀϹݵ¿»ç

 

S + ÀϹݵ¿»ç(e)d/ºÒ±ÔÄ¢~ . 

 

 Á¶µ¿»ç

 

S + Á¶µ¿»ç + µ¿»ç¿øÇü(be ¶Ç´Â ÀϹݵ¿»ç¿øÇü)~ .

 (could, might, would..)

»ç ¿ë

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1. °ú°ÅÀÇ »ç½Ç

 

 

   °ú°Å SÀÇ µ¿ÀÛ

 

 

   °ú°Å SÀÇ »óÅ 

 

 

 

ex)She lived in Seoul in 1950.

1950³â¿¡ ±×³à´Â ¼­¿ï¿¡ »ì¾Ò´Ù.

 

ex)She bought  a present for her mother yesterday.

±×³à´Â ¾îÁ¦ ¾ö¸¶¸¦ À§ÇØ ¼±¹° Çϳª¸¦ »ò´Ù.

 

ex)She was often very ill when she was young.

±×³à°¡ ¾î·ÈÀ» ¶§ ±×³à´Â Á¾Á¾ ¸Å¿ì ¾ÆÆÍ´Ù.

 

 

 

2. °ú°Å SÀÇ ¹Ýº¹Àû ½À°ü

 

 

 

   °ú°Å SÀÇ ¹Ýº¹Àû ÇàÀ§

 

 

ex)She ate an apple every day in the morning. 

±×³à´Â ¸ÅÀÏ ¾Æħ »ç°ú Çϳª¸¦ ¸Ô¾ú´Ù.

 

 

ex)She often went for a walk with her father.

±×³à´Â ¾Æ¹öÁö¿Í Á¾Á¾ »êÃ¥À» °¡°ïÇß´Ù.

 

.

 

3. °ú°Å¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â

ºÎ»ç(±¸/Àý)ÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4. ¿ª»çÀû »ç½Ç

 

 

ex)She met him yesterday.

±×³à´Â ¾îÁ¦ ±×¸¦ ¸¸³µ´Ù.

 

 

ex)She graduated from college 10 years ago.

±×³à´Â 10³âÀü¿¡ ´ëÇÐÀ» Á¹¾÷Çß´Ù.

 

 

ex)They went through a big flood last year.

±×µéÀº À۳⿡ Å« È«¼ö¸¦ °Þ¾ú´Ù.

 

 

ex)Korea hosted the 17th World Cup in 2002.

Çѱ¹Àº 2002³â¿¡ Á¦ 17ȸ ¿ùµåÄÅÀ» °³ÃÖÇÏ¿´´Ù.

 

 

 

¡Ø°ú°Å½ÃÁ¦¸¸ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â

   ºÎ»ç(±¸) :

   In+³âµµ, yesterday, 

   ~ago, this morning,

   last +½Ã°£, just now, the day before yesterday

 

¢Ñ ¿Ï·á½ÃÁ¦¿Í ±¸ºÐ»ç¿ë

 

 

 

 

 

¢Ñ Ç×»ó °ú°Å ½ÃÁ¦¸¸ »ç¿ë

 


** ´Ü¼ø °ú°Å ½ÃÁ¦(Simple Past Tense) **

°ú°Å ½ÃÁ¦´Â °ú°Å¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´ø »ç½Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¼øÇÑ ¾ð±ÞÀ» ÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÒ ¶§ »ç¿ëµË´Ï´Ù.
Á°ú°ÅÀÇ µ¿ÀÛ°ú »óÅ·ê Ç¥ÇöÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÇöÀç½ÃÁ¦ÀÇ °æ¿ì¿Í ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î °ú°Å½ÃÁ¦ ¿ª½Ã ½Ã°£¿¡ ´ëÇØ
ÇöÀç ÀÌÀüÀÇ ½ÃÁ¡À̶ó »ý°¢µÇ¸é ¸ðµÎ °ú°Å¶ó°í º¸½Ã¸é µË´Ï´Ù. 

I met him yesterday. (³ª´Â ¾îÁ¦ ±×¸¦ ¸¸³µ´Ù.)
°ú°Å¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â yesterday°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î£¬¹®ÀåÀº ¾îÁ¦ ±×¸¦ ¸¸³µ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¹àÈ÷°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
¾îÁ¦´Â ÇöÀç ÀÌÀüÀÇ ½ÃÁ¡À̶ó´Â °ÍÀº ¾ß½Ã°ÚÁÒ? µû¶ó¼­ °ú°Åµ¿»çÀÎ metÀ» »ç¿ëÇß½À´Ï´Ù.

I used to study English in the City Library. (³ª´Â ½Ã¸³µµ¼­°ü¿¡¼­ ¿µ¾î¸¦ °øºÎÇÏ°ï Çß´Ù.)
ÇöÀç°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ °ú°Å¿¡ ¹Ýº¹ÀûÀ̾ú´ø ½À°üÀ» ¾ð±ÞÇϱâ À§ÇØ used to(〜ÇÏ°ï Çß´Ù)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇß½À´Ï´Ù.
°ú°Å½ÃÁ¦´Â ¹®Àå ¼Ó¿¡ °ú°Å¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â last year£¬yesterday£¬three days ago ¿Í °°Àº ¸í¹éÇÑ
´Ü¾î ȤÀº Ç¥ÇöÀÌ ÀÖÀ» ¶§ ´ëü·Î ´Ü¼ø°ú°Å ½ÃÁ¦¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

We finished the report. (¿ì¸®´Â ¸®Æ÷Æ®¸¦ ³¡³Â´Ù.)
I went to Europe last year. (³ª´Â À۳⿡ À¯·´¿¡ °¬´Ù.)
I took the exam three days ago. (³ª´Â 3ÀÏ Àü ½ÃÇèÀ» ÃÆ´Ù.)

°ú°Å¶ó´Â °Í ¿ª½Ã µû·Î ¼³¸íÇÏÁö ¾Ê´õ¶óµµ Àß ¾Æ½Ç °Ì´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¹æ±Ý Àü£¬¾îÁ¦£¬ÀÛ³â°ú °°ÀÌ Áö³ª°£ ½Ã°£À»
¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®¸»¿¡¼­´Â ¡®-¿´´Ù£¬¡¯ ¡®-Çß´Ù¡¯£¬¡®Çß¾ú´Ù¡¯¿Í °°ÀÌ Ç¥ÇöÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×·³ ¿µ¾î¿¡¼­´Â ¾î¶»°Ô Ç¥ÇöÇÒ±î¿ä?
¿µ¾î¿¡¼­´Â °ú°ÅÇü µ¿»ç¸¦ ½á¼­ Ç¥ÇöÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×·³ °ú°ÅÇü µ¿»ç´Â ¿øÇü µ¿»ç¿Í ¾î¶»°Ô ´Ù¸¦±î¿ä?

°ú°ÅÇü µ¿»ç´Â "±ÔÄ¢µ¿»ç & ºÒ±ÔÄ¢ µ¿»ç"·Î ³ª´©´Âµ¥£¬±ÔÄ¢µ¿»ç´Â ¿øÇüµ¿»ç¿¡ ¡®-ed¡¯³ª ¡®-d¡¯¸¦ ºÙ¿© Ç¥ÇöÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
´ëºÎºÐÀÇ µ¿»ç°¡ ±ÔÄ¢µ¿»ç¿¡ ¼ÓÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ºÒ±ÔÄ¢ µ¿»ç´Â ÀÌ·± ±ÔÄ¢À» µû¸£Áö ¾Ê´Â µ¿»ç¸¦ ¸»ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
À§¿¡¼­ ¿¹¸¦ µç meet£¬go£¬take¿Í °°Àº µ¿»çµéµµ ºÒ±ÔÄ¢ µ¿»ç¿¡ ¼ÓÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×·³ ¾î¶»°Ô ¾Ë ¼ö Àֳı¸¿ä?
ÀÌ·± ºÒ±ÔÄ¢ µ¿»ç´Â ¾î¿ ¼ö ¾øÀÌ ¿Ü¿ö¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¹¹ ±×·¸´Ù°í ÀϺη¯ ã¾Æ ¿Ü¿ï ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.
ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÀÌ·± ºÒ±ÔÄ¢ µ¿»ç°¡ ³ª¿Ã ¶§£¬±×¶§ ±× ¶§ ¿Ü¿öÁֱ⸸ ÇÏ¸é µË ´Ù 'meetÀÇ °ú°Å´Â metÀ¸·Î ¾²´Â±¸³ª.'
ÇÏ´Â ½ÄÀ¸·Î ±×³É ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¾Ë°í Áö³ª°¡¸é µÇ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Ƽ²ø ¸ð¾Æ Å»êÀ̶ó°í ÇÏÁÒ? ÀÌ·± ½ÄÀ¸·Î ÇϳªÇϳª
°øºÎÇÏ´Ù º¸¸é ¾î´À »õ ¸¹Àº ºÒ±ÔÄ¢ µ¿»ç¸¦ ¾Ë°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ´ÙÀ½Àº °ú°Å Ç¥ÇöÀÇ ¿¹ÀÔ´Ï´Ù,

I loved her. (³ª´Â ±×³à¸¦ »ç¶ûÇß´Ù.) --> loved´Â loveÀÇ °ú°ÅÇü
I liked my English teacher. (³ª´Â ³» ¿µ¾î ¼±»ý´ÔÀ» ÁÁ¾ÆÇß´Ù.) --> liked´Â likeÀÇ °ú°ÅÇü
I thought of her everyday. (³ª´Â ±×³à¸¦ ¸ÅÀÏ »ý°¢Çß¾ú´Ù.) --> thought´Â thinkÀÇ °ú°ÅÇü
She came here yesterday. (±×³à´Â ¾îÁ¦ ¿©±â ¿Ô´Ù.) --> cameÀº comeÀÇ °ú°ÅÇü
He cut the tree. (±×´Â ³ª¹«¸¦ À߶ú´Ù.) --> cutÀº cutÀÇ °ú°ÅÇü

µ¿»çÀÇ 3´Ü º¯È­¸¦ ÀÚ¼¼È÷ °øºÎÇϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â ÀϹݵ¿»ç ºÎºÐÀ» ´Ù½Ã »ìÆ캸½Ã¸é µË´Ï´Ù.
3´ÜÇüÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸· ºÎºÐ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °ú°ÅºÐ»ç´Â ÇöÀç¿Ï·áÇüÀ̳ª ¼öµ¿Å¸¦ ¸¸µé ¶§¿¡ ¾²¿© Áý´Ï´Ù.
ºÒ±ÔÄ¢ µ¿»ç´Â "ÇöÀçÇü •°ú°ÅÇü • °ú°ÅºÐ»ç"±îÁö¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇؼ­ 3°³¸¦ ÇѲ¨¹ø¿¡ ¿Ü¿ì½Ê½Ã¿À.

¨ç °ú°ÅÇüÀÇ Àǹ®¹® • ºÎÁ¤¹® ÀÛ¼º¹ý

°ú°ÅÇüÀÇ Àǹ®¹®, ºÎÁ¤¹®Àº did, didn't ¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ¸¸µì´Ï´Ù.

*±àÁ¤¹® He played baseball yesterday. (±×´Â ¾îÁ¦ ¾ß±¸¸¦ Çß´Ù.)
*Àǹ®¹® Did he play baseball yesterday? (±×´Â ¾îÁ¦ ¾ß±¸¸¦ Çß³ª¿ä?)
*ºÎÁ¤¹® He didn't play baseball yesterday. (±×´Â ¾îÁ¦ ¾ß±¸¸¦ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.)

Did, didn't°¡ µé¾î°¡¸é ±× µÚ¿¡ À̾îÁö´Â µ¿»ç´Â ÇöÀçÇü ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿Ö ÇöÀçÇü Àϱî¿ä?
ÀÌ¹Ì did, didn't ¿Í °°ÀÌ °ú°ÅÀÇ ½ÃÁ¡À» ¸»ÇØÁÖ´Â Á¶µ¿»ç¸¦ »ç¿ëÇ߱⠶§¹®¿¡, µÚ¿¡¼­ ¶Ç °ú°ÅÇüÀ» ¾ð±ÞÇÒ
ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø±â ¶§¹®ÀÌÁÒ. µû¶ó¼­, µ¿»ç¿øÇüÀ» »ç¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¿øÄ¢Àº ±ÔÄ¢µ¿»ç, ºÒ±ÔÄ¢ µ¿»ç¿¡ ÇÔ²² Àû¿ëµË´Ï´Ù.

ºÒ±ÔÄ¢µ¿»çÀÇ ¿¹
*±àÁ¤¹® Betty went to London last year. (º£Æ¼´Â À۳⿡ ·±´ø¿¡ °¬¾ú´Ù.)
*Àǹ®¹® Did Betty go to London last year? (º£Æ¼´Â À۳⿡ ·±´ø¿¡ °¬¾ú³ª¿ä?)
*ºÎÁ¤¹® Betty didn't go to London last year. (º£Æ¼´Â À۳⿡ ·±´ø¿¡ °¡Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.)

went¶ó´Â °ú°Åµ¿»ç¸¦ Àǹ®¹®À¸·Î ¸¸µé±â À§ÇØ did¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í µÚ¿¡´Â µ¿»ç¿øÇüÀÎ go¸¦ »ç¿ëÇß½À´Ï´Ù.
Áï, Did Betty go~?ÀÇ ¹®ÀåÀÌ ¿Ï¼ºµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ºÎÁ¤¹® ¿ª½Ã didn't¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í µÚ¿¡´Â µ¿»ç¿øÇü go¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©,
Betty didn't go~ÀÇ ¹®ÀåÀÌ ¿Ï¼ºµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.

±ÔÄ¢µ¿»çÀÇ ¿¹
*±àÁ¤¹® They played soccer after school. (±×µéÀº ¹æ°ú ÈÄ Ã౸¸¦ Çß´Ù.)
*Àǹ®¹® Did they play soccer after school? (±×µéÀº ¹æ°ú ÈÄ Ã౸¸¦ Çß³ª¿ä?)
*ºÎÁ¤¹® They didn't play soccer after school. (±×µéÀº ¹æ°ú ÈÄ Ã౸¸¦ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.)

°ú°ÅÇü played ¿ª½Ã£¬Àǹ®¹®À¸·Î ¸¸µé ¶§¿¡´Â did¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í µÚ¿¡´Â µ¿»ç¿øÇüÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©£¬
Did they play~? ¹®ÀåÀ» ¸¸µé¾ú°í£¬ºÎÁ¤¹®À¸·Î ¸¸µé ¶§¿¡´Â didn't µÚ¿¡ ¿ª½Ã µ¿»ç¿øÇüÀÎ play¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©£¬
They didn't play~ÀÇ ¹®ÀåÀ» ¸¸µé¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.

¨è °ú°ÅÇü ¹®ÀåÀÇ Àǹ®¹®¿¡ ´äÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý

Did he play baseball yesterday? --> Yes, he did.   No, he didn't.

Àǹ®¹®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ë´äÀ» ÇÒ ¶§¿¡´Â Ç×»ó óÀ½ ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â Á¶µ¿»ç¿Í Á־ ÀÚ¼¼È÷ º¸¸é µË´Ï´Ù.
Á¶µ¿»ç´Â Did£¬ÁÖ¾î´Â he À̹ǷΣ¬ÀÌ°ÍÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© Yes£¬No¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´äÀ» ÇÏ¸é µË´Ï´Ù.
ÁYesÀÏ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ±àÁ¤À̹ǷΠhe did ·Î ´äÇÏ°í£¬NoÀÏ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ºÎÁ¤À̹ǷΠhe didn't·Î ´äÇÏ¸é µË´Ï´Ù.

¨é ºÒ±ÔÄ¢ µ¿»ç ¸¸µé±â

1. º¸ÅëÀÇ µ¿»ç´Â  " -ed"¸¦ ºÙ¿©ÁÖ¼¼¿ä!
walk -> walked
pack -> packed

2.  " -e"·Î ³¡³ª´Â µ¿»ç´Â " -d"¸¸ ºÙ¿©ÁÖ¼¼¿ä!
bake -> baked
hike -> hiked

3. " -y"·Î ³¡³ª¸é ' -y"¸¦ " -i" °íÄ¡°í ' -ed"¸¦ ºÙ¿©ÁÖ¼¼¿ä!
study -> studied
ÇÏÁö¸¸ "a, e, i, o, u + y"·Î ³¡³ª´Â °æ¿ì´Â ¾Æ¹« º¯È­¾øÀÌ ' -d'¸¸ ºÙÀÔ´Ï´Ù!

4. "a, e, i, o, u + ÀÚÀ½' ÀÎ °æ¿ì ÀÚÀ½À» Çϳª ´õ ºÙÀÌ°í ' -ed"¸¦ ºÙ¿©ÁÖ¼¼¿ä!
plan -> planned